Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material that improves the soil’s water and nutrient retention.

Insect frass is a vegan soil amendment that contains chitin which increases plants immune system and aids in root growth. Research suggests is that when a plant’s root system comes into contact with chitin, the plant thinks it’s being attacked by insects. It has a natural immune response to that stimulus, which is to increase root growth, bark and flower Trials suggest that insect frass supports superior plant growth to that of worm castings applied at similar rates. It is suggested that as an immune response frass encourages the plant to produce more flavonoids and terpenes to deter pests